Top Tips for Mastering the OIIQ-RN March 2025 Exam Maternal and Child Care Section
Top Tips for Mastering the OIIQ-RN March 2025 Exam Maternal and Child Care Section
Introducing the OIIQ March 2025 Exam Cheat Sheet!
I am excited to share with you my specially created Cheat Sheet designed to help you prepare for the upcoming March 2025 OIIQ exam. This resource is tailored based on the exam themes, focusing on the most common topics and questions you may encounter.
Important Notes about the Cheat Sheet:
Practice Tool Only: Please remember that this cheat sheet is not a collection of official exam questions. Instead, it serves as a practice guide to help you familiarize yourself with potential answers and topics relevant to the exam theme.
Format: The content is not structured as multiple-choice questions and is not designed to assess your critical thinking skills.
Purpose: The primary goal of the cheat sheet is to enhance your understanding of the material and prepare you for the types of questions you may face in the exam.
Use this cheat sheet as a valuable study aid to boost your confidence and readiness for the OIIQ exam!
NOTE: "The Cheat Sheet (Top Tips for Mastering the OIIQ-RN March 2025 Exam Medical Section) will be continuously updated, so feel free to visit anytime!"
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Top Tips for Mastering the OIIQ-RN March 2025 Exam Maternal and Child Care Section
What is gestational diabetes? | A form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to insulin resistance and increased glucose demands. |
Which hormone contributes to insulin resistance in pregnancy? | Human placental lactogen (hPL). |
Which pregnant woman is at the highest risk for developing GDM? | A woman who is overweight, has a history of GDM, or has a family history of diabetes. |
What are common risk factors for GDM? | Obesity, age >25, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), previous macrosomic infant (>4,000g), or hypertension. |
When is gestational diabetes screening performed? | Between 24-28 weeks of gestation. |
What test is used to screen for GDM? | 1-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT). |
What is considered a positive 1-hour GTT result? | Blood glucose ≥140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L). |
What are maternal complications of GDM? | Hypertension (preeclampsia), polyhydramnios, increased risk of C-section, and future type 2 diabetes. |
Why does GDM increase the risk of preeclampsia? | Insulin resistance contributes to vascular dysfunction and high blood pressure. |
What long-term risk does GDM pose to the mother? | 50% risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. |
What is the most common fetal complication of GDM? | Macrosomia (excessive fetal growth). |
Why are infants of diabetic mothers at risk for hypoglycemia after birth? | They produce extra insulin in response to maternal hyperglycemia, leading to low blood sugar after birth. |
What is a serious respiratory complication seen in neonates of mothers with GDM? | Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to delayed lung maturity. |
What congenital anomalies are associated with poorly controlled GDM? | Neural tube defects, cardiac defects, and sacral agenesis. |
What is the first-line treatment for GDM? | Diet and exercise. |
What is an appropriate diet for a pregnant woman with GDM? | Low-glycemic index foods, complex carbohydrates, lean proteins, and fiber-rich foods. |
How often should a GDM patient check blood glucose? | Fasting and after meals (usually four times a day). |
What is the first-choice medication for GDM if lifestyle changes fail? | Insulin (e.g., NPH and regular insulin). |
Why is insulin preferred over oral medications in GDM? | It does not cross the placenta and provides better glucose control. |
Which oral medication may be used for GDM if insulin is not an option? | Metformin or glyburide (although not first-line). |
Why is induction of labor sometimes recommended for GDM patients? | To prevent macrosomia and birth complications. |
Why is IV insulin used during labor in GDM patients? | To maintain stable blood glucose levels and prevent neonatal hypoglycemia. |
What is a common delivery complication in macrosomic infants of diabetic mothers? | Shoulder dystocia (baby's shoulders get stuck during birth). |
Does gestational diabetes go away after birth? | It usually resolves, but patients are at risk for future diabetes. |
What should a GDM patient be advised about future pregnancies? | She has a higher risk of developing GDM again and should monitor her weight and glucose levels. |
What is an important teaching point for a woman with GDM? | Monitor blood glucose regularly, maintain a healthy diet, and exercise. |
Why should GDM patients avoid simple sugars? | They cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. |
How does breastfeeding benefit a mother with GDM? | It helps lower postpartum blood glucose and reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes. |
What is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)? | Excessive bleeding following childbirth that can lead to hypovolemic shock. |
What is the definition of PPH in a vaginal birth? | Blood loss ≥500 mL within 24 hours postpartum. |
What is the definition of PPH in a cesarean birth? | Blood loss ≥1,000 mL within 24 hours postpartum. |
What is the most common cause of PPH? | Uterine atony (failure of the uterus to contract after delivery). |
Which patient is at the highest risk for PPH? | A multiparous woman with prolonged labor and oxytocin use. |
What are the major risk factors for PPH? | Uterine atony, prolonged labor, multiple gestation, polyhydramnios, macrosomia (>4,000 g), use of forceps or vacuum, and placenta previa. |
Why does polyhydramnios increase the risk of PPH? | It overstretches the uterus, leading to poor contraction. |
Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage (The 4 T’s) | Mnemonic: The 4 T’s
|
What is the most common cause of early postpartum hemorrhage? | Uterine atony. |
What is a sign of retained placental fragments? | Persistent, prolonged bleeding with a firm uterus. |
What is a major cause of late PPH (occurring >24 hours postpartum)? | Retained placenta or endometritis. |
What is a common cause of postpartum hemorrhage in a patient with a prolonged second stage of labor? | Trauma from forceps or vacuum delivery. |
What is an early sign of PPH? | Excessive vaginal bleeding (soaking >1 pad per hour). |
What vital sign changes indicate significant postpartum hemorrhage? | Tachycardia and hypotension. |
What is a late sign of hypovolemic shock in PPH? | Cold, clammy skin and altered mental status. |
How does a uterus with atony feel on palpation? | Soft, "boggy," and enlarged. |
What should the nurse do first if the uterus is boggy and midline? | Perform fundal massage to stimulate contraction. |
What is the priority nursing intervention for PPH? | Fundal massage and assessing for excessive bleeding. |
What is the correct technique for fundal massage? | Use one hand to stabilize the lower uterus and the other to massage in a circular motion. |
What position should a patient with active PPH be placed in? | Trendelenburg or left lateral position to improve perfusion. |
What should be done if fundal massage does not control PPH? | Administer uterotonic medications (e.g., oxytocin, misoprostol). |
What is the first-line medication used for PPH? | Oxytocin (Pitocin) IV or IM. |
What is the mechanism of oxytocin in PPH? | Stimulates uterine contractions to reduce bleeding. |
What medication is used if oxytocin fails to stop PPH? | Methylergonovine (Methergine). |
What is a contraindication for methylergonovine (Methergine)? | Hypertension (it causes vasoconstriction). |
What medication is used for PPH in a patient with asthma? | Misoprostol (Cytotec), as carboprost (Hemabate) can cause bronchospasms. |
What is the main side effect of carboprost (Hemabate)? | Severe diarrhea. |
What surgical procedure is used if medications fail to stop PPH? | Uterine tamponade with a Bakri balloon. |
When is a hysterectomy indicated for PPH? | When bleeding cannot be controlled by other measures. |
What is the most serious complication of untreated PPH? | Hypovolemic shock and organ failure. |
What long-term complication can result from severe PPH? | Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary necrosis leading to lactation failure and amenorrhea). |
What instructions should be given to a patient after a PPH? | Increase iron-rich foods, monitor for excessive bleeding, avoid heavy lifting. |
When should a postpartum patient with a history of PPH seek medical attention? | If soaking >1 pad per hour, experiencing dizziness, or having large clots (>golf ball size). |
What is the best source of nutrition for a newborn? | Breast milk (provides ideal nutrition and immune protection). |
What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the baby? | Stronger immune system, reduced risk of infections, lower risk of obesity, diabetes, and SIDS. |
What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother? | Reduced postpartum bleeding, faster uterine involution, lower risk of breast and ovarian cancer. |
How does breastfeeding help with postpartum weight loss? | It burns extra calories and promotes metabolism. |
How often should a newborn be breastfed? | Every 2-3 hours (8-12 times per day). |
How long should each breastfeeding session last? | 10-15 minutes per breast. |
How long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended? | For the first 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary foods until 12 months or longer. |
How does a nurse assess if a newborn is getting enough breast milk? | Adequate wet diapers (6-8 per day), weight gain, and contentment after feeding. |
What are signs of a good latch? | Wide-open mouth, lips flanged outward, deep latch covering most of the areola. |
Which breastfeeding position is best for a C-section mother? | Football hold (reduces pressure on the incision site). |
Which breastfeeding position is best for a newborn with difficulty latching? | Cross-cradle hold (provides better head and neck support). |
What should a mother do if breastfeeding is painful? | Reposition the baby and ensure a deep latch. |
Reposition the baby and ensure a deep latch. | Increased milk production and poor drainage of milk. |
How can a mother relieve engorgement? | Frequent breastfeeding, warm compresses before feeding, cold packs after feeding. |
What should a mother do if she has sore nipples from breastfeeding? | Ensure proper latch, apply lanolin cream, and air-dry nipples. |
What are symptoms of mastitis? | Breast pain, redness, warmth, flu-like symptoms, fever. |
Should a mother with mastitis continue breastfeeding? | Yes, frequent emptying of the breast helps clear the infection. |
What is the treatment for mastitis? | Antibiotics, rest, hydration, warm compresses, and continued breastfeeding. |
What increases milk production in breastfeeding mothers? | Frequent feeding, skin-to-skin contact, adequate hydration, and nutrition. |
Which maternal condition is a contraindication to breastfeeding? | HIV infection (in developed countries), untreated active tuberculosis. |
Can a mother with hepatitis B breastfeed? | Yes, as long as the infant receives the hepatitis B vaccine and immune globulin. |
Which medication is unsafe for breastfeeding? | Chemotherapy drugs, lithium, radioactive isotopes. |
How long can freshly pumped breast milk be stored at room temperature? | 4 hours. |
How long can breast milk be stored in the refrigerator? | Up to 4 days. |
How long can breast milk be frozen? | 6-12 months. |
How should frozen breast milk be thawed? | In the refrigerator or under warm running water (never microwave). |
Which pain medication is safest for a breastfeeding mother? | Acetaminophen or ibuprofen. |
Can a mother breastfeed while taking antibiotics? | Yes, most antibiotics are safe, but always check with a healthcare provider. |
When should solid foods be introduced to a breastfed baby? | At 6 months, while continuing to breastfeed. |
How should a mother wean a baby from breastfeeding? | Gradually replace one feeding at a time with formula or solid food. |
What should a nurse do if a mother refuses to breastfeed due to cultural beliefs? | Respect her decision and provide formula-feeding education. |
How can nurses support breastfeeding in diverse cultural populations? | Provide culturally sensitive education and accommodate traditional practices. |
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